![]() This can be a risky operation, especially on production databases where any mistakes can cause downtime or data loss. In addition, if you need to perform any changes to the structure of the ENUM column itself, such as renaming the column or changing its data type, you will have to update all the references to that column in your codebase. When you use ENUMs in your database schema, it can make it difficult to maintain your codebase over time.įor example, if you need to change the set of allowed values for an ENUM column, you will have to update all the references to that column in your code, which can be error-prone and time-consuming. This makes them more scalable in situations where the set of possible values may change frequently or grow over time. In contrast, other data types like VARCHAR or TEXT can handle a larger number of possible values dynamically without requiring any structural changes. This can be a significant maintenance overhead, especially for large and complex databases. This can be a slow and resource-intensive process, especially on a busy production database.įurthermore, if you need to remove a value from an ENUM column, you will also have to alter the table, which may require updating all the rows that use that value. ![]() For example, if you have a table with millions of rows and need to add a new value to an ENUM column, you will have to update all those rows to include the new value. This alteration process can be time-consuming, especially when dealing with large tables. Limited scalabilityĮNUMs can only hold a fixed set of values, which means that if you need to add more values to an ENUM column, you will have to alter the table structure. ![]() In this section, we will browser some of these limitations. While ENUMs may seem like a convenient way to store data with a limited set of possible values, they come with a set of disadvantages that can cause problems in the long run.
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This includes data for third-party social media apps, games, and messaging apps, as well as apps from Apple that don't sync with iCloud. iOS 15, iPadOS 15 or earlier: Tap Manage Storage, then tap Backups. iCloud Backup includes app data for the apps that you've downloaded on your device. Do one of the following: iOS 16, iPadOS 16 or later: Tap iCloud Backup. On your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch, go to Settings > your name > iCloud. If you agree, we’ll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. View and manage iCloud backups on your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements. ![]() Use the right arrow key on your keyboard to hear Siri read any highlightable information via VoiceOver. If you receive an alert that states you don't have enough iCloud storage space to complete the backup, follow the onscreen. Under Back Up Now, you'll see the date and time of your last backup. Stay connected to your Wi-Fi network until the process has finished. Under Last Backup and Backup Size, you can check Next Backup Size. Tap Backups, then tap the device you're using. Tap Manage Account Storage or Manage Storage. At the top, you can check how much iCloud storage you've used. In iOS or iPadOS, go to Settings > your name. We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. Press the right arrow key twice from the previous step (within the 'iCloud Backup' menu, then press Ctrl + Alt + Space (Windows) or Ctrl + Option + Space (Mac) on your keyboard. Go to Settings > your name, and tap iCloud. If an alert says that there's not enough iCloud storage. ![]() In publishing the articles, however, the EFC says it doesn’t necessarily endorse such views. The EFC at the same time sent out a related article that offered evangelicals pointers on how to respectfully befriend Jews in hopes of converting them to Jesus Christ. evangelicals of “appalling ignorance” for supporting Bush’s two-state peace proposal of separate nations for Palestinians and Israelis. ![]() The Canadian umbrella organization widely distributed an article in which Christian Zionist Jim Hutchens accused a group of moderate U.S. The complex and awkward subject of Christian Zionism - which causes division within both Judaism and evangelicalism - was highlighted last year by the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, which represents 2.5 million conservative Protestants. The Pew Forum poll found evangelicals are more than twice as likely as secular Americans to sympathize with Israel more than the Palestinians. Bush 40 per cent of his votes in the last election. Based on their reading of the Book of Revelation, such evangelicals also worry Jesus will not return to Earth to bring in Judgment Day unless the holy land is governed by Jews.Ī recent poll by the respected Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life found 63 per cent of white American evangelicals believe current conflicts involving the state of Israel “fulfil Biblical prophecy about the Second Coming.” American evangelicals, who constitute 26 per cent of the population, gave President George W. These evangelicals cite Genesis 12:3, which recounts God’s promise to bless Israel’s friends and curse its enemies. Many evangelicals, like influential Texas mega-church pastor John Hagee, now call themselves “Christian Zionists.” They’re supporting Israel against its Middle Eastern foes mainly because of the way they interpret biblical prophecy about the Apocalypse. That trend holds in Canada, where polls show evangelicals lean toward the Conservatives and Jews typically vote Liberal or New Democrat.īut there is one overriding issue that opinion polls show is increasingly bringing together many evangelical Christians and Jews in an uneasy alliance: The state of Israel. In the U.S., Jews strongly support the Democrats while white evangelicals firmly back the Republican party. In politics, as well, there has often been tension between Jews and evangelicals. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. Westcoast Homes & Design Previous Issues.Vancouver Sun Run: Sign up & event info.He is a false teacher with a false gospel who must be marked and avoided at all costs. Instead of finding their hope in Christ alone, they are temporarily appeased by the smooth-talk and flattery of the false hopes constantly spouted by John Hagee. His sermons are filled with entertainment for worldly-minded people with itching ears people who are looking for some kind of temporal hope or political or social respite from the chaos of the world around them. While he is for the most part politically conservative, rarely does he preach the gospel and exegete the Scriptures. Hagee is very popular because of his bent toward conspiracy theories. He then attempts to conflate “Messiah” with “Savior” and then later explains to a BBC reporter that he “does not target Jewish people for salvation.” Hagee then attempted to clarify his position once confronted, yet seems to have only caused more confusion than clarity while solidifying this heresy. ![]() Jesus rejected to the last detail the role of Messiah in word or deed.He refused to be their Messiah, choosing instead to be the Savior of the world (p.They wanted him to be their Messiah, but he flatly refused.The Jews were not rejecting Jesus as Messiah it was Jesus who was refusing to be the Messiah to the Jews.(p 138) If Jesus wanted to be Messiah, why did he repeatedly tell his disciples and followers to “tell no one” about his supernatural accomplishments? (p. Jesus refused to produce a sign … because it was not the Father’s will, nor his, to be Messiah.If God intended for Jesus to be the Messiah of Israel, why didn’t he authorize Jesus to use supernatural signs to prove he was God’s Messiah, just as Moses had done? (p.The following quotes are taken from his book: Hagee, in his book In Defense of Israel, appears to deny that Christ was the appointed Messiah to the Jews and the Jesus essentially “refused” to be their Messiah while he instead chose to be the Messiah of the world. ![]() Worse, though, is Hagee’s apparent denial that Jesus is the only Messiah. ![]() Jacob's passion for skateboarding and ingrained need to capture it is what made Eleventh Hour possible. All items remaining have been reduced.Ĭheck out an amazing Jacob Harris interview by Grey Skate Mag. One of the projects bubbling around the release of Brian Anderson’s Nike SB shoe.Īs it is the end of the season we are having a quick Odd Future sale you can take advantage of. Here is a look at the build of the Nike SB Project BA space. Two of the best skateboarders this country has ever produced out there killing it!. Watch Rory Milanes and Lucien Clarke in Chris Mulhern's incredible video This Time Tomorrow. It’s a chance to win a pair of the Converse X Santa Cruz CTS OX in Black/White. We recently announced this Jason Jessee competition in conjunction with Converse Cons. Make sure you browse our Beanies selection for 2013 before insulating your dome. Winter’s icy grip is beginning to take hold. Graham loves skateboarding and is out there doing it every chance he gets. Graham Baker has been a friend of all of ours for years now, his weekly visits to the store have always been a highlight. We have received three new shoes including the Herman G6. Here's Ellington repping.Ĭheck out all of the welcome Emerica arrivals which just joined our inventory. We have a new colour in the Ellington, it's Black/Black-gum. Six new Supra shoes just made their way to us, all of these are online and available in our Covent Garden store for the weekend. Following on from that release is the Nike ACG Alder. We got a great reception for the Nike ACG Trainerendor when it came in and flew out a few weeks back. In time for Winter we now have on offer three new baseball caps and seven beanies. We have received a new drop from Brixton clothing. Rep Slam whilst picking up your groceries and help save the planet at the same time. ![]() See the Old Skool and Sk8-Hi Notchback they created. Vans Syndicate have again collaborated with DEFCON on some camouflaged classics. Both options accentuate the shapes of our most popular shoe. Two fresh new Janoski colourways just arrived from Nike SB. The Brixton Fall 13 range includes three jackets.Ĭuatro Sueños Pequeños is a 21-minute film shot entirely on 16mm by Thomas Campbell and French Fred. New clothing just arrived from Brixton including some timely winter warmers. For the last four or five years their clothing range has included some winning flannel combinations. New Vans clothing has arrived, this includes some carefully picked Winter garments. ![]() In June 1669, Barrow shared the unaccredited manuscript with British mathematician John Collins. He shared this with friend and mentor Isaac Barrow, but didn't include his name as author. Newton quickly wrote a treatise, De Analysi, expounding his own wider-ranging results. During this time, he came across Nicholas Mercator's published book on methods for dealing with infinite series. Newton received his Master of Arts degree in 1669, before he was 27. In the ensuing years, his fortune improved. After a two-year hiatus, Newton returned to Cambridge in 1667 and was elected a minor fellow at Trinity College, as he was still not considered a standout scholar. In 1665, the bubonic plague that was ravaging Europe had come to Cambridge, forcing the university to close. Though Newton graduated without honors or distinctions, his efforts won him the title of scholar and four years of financial support for future education. The "Quaestiones" reveal that Newton had discovered the new concept of nature that provided the framework for the Scientific Revolution. It was during this time that Newton kept a second set of notes, entitled "Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae" ("Certain Philosophical Questions"). The result was a less-than-stellar performance, but one that is understandable, given his dual course of study. All his spare time was spent reading from the modern philosophers. ![]() Yet, like most universities in Europe, Cambridge was steeped in Aristotelian philosophy and a view of nature resting on a geocentric view of the universe, dealing with nature in qualitative rather than quantitative terms.ĭuring his first three years at Cambridge, Newton was taught the standard curriculum but was fascinated with the more advanced science. Philosopher René Descartes had begun to formulate a new concept of nature as an intricate, impersonal and inert machine. The heliocentric view of the universe-theorized by astronomers Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Kepler, and later refined by Galileo-was well known in most European academic circles. When Newton arrived at Cambridge, the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century was already in full force. Newton enrolled in a program similar to a work-study in 1661, and subsequently waited on tables and took care of wealthier students' rooms. Perhaps sensing the young man's innate intellectual abilities, his uncle, a graduate of the University of Cambridge's Trinity College, persuaded Newton's mother to have him enter the university. Newton was soon sent back to King's School to finish his basic education. ![]() Newton failed miserably, as he found farming monotonous. Her plan was to make him a farmer and have him tend the farm. His mother pulled him out of school at age 12. Newton was enrolled at the King's School in Grantham, a town in Lincolnshire, where he lodged with a local apothecary and was introduced to the fascinating world of chemistry. She brought along her three small children from her second marriage. He anxiously obsessed over his published work, defending its merits with irrational behavior.Īt age 12, Newton was reunited with his mother after her second husband died. The experience left an indelible imprint on Newton, later manifesting itself as an acute sense of insecurity. When he was 3 years old, his mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, remarried a well-to-do minister, Barnabas Smith, and went to live with him, leaving young Newton with his maternal grandmother. A premature baby born tiny and weak, Newton was not expected to survive. Newton was the only son of a prosperous local farmer, also named Isaac, who died three months before he was born. Using the "old" Julian calendar, Newton's birth date is sometimes displayed as December 25, 1642. Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. In 1705, he was knighted by Queen Anne of England, making him Sir Isaac Newton. In 1687, he published his most acclaimed work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which has been called the single most influential book on physics. Isaac Newton was a physicist and mathematician who developed the principles of modern physics, including the laws of motion and is credited as one of the great minds of the 17th-century Scientific Revolution. ![]() While the cost ranges from $3,000 to $6,000 in the United States of America, the cost of retinal detachment surgery in Iran is only something from $2,400 to $3,500, and the average cost of retinal detachment in Iran is $2,900. The cost of retinal detachment surgery depends on the type of retinal detachment surgery procedure among other factors like the hospital fees, the surgeon expertise and others. Cost of retinal detachment surgery in Iran (if the oil is used, it will be removed surgically later). Afterwards, the surgeon will inject the eye with gas or silicone oil to make the retina flat. In this procedure, the surgeon will remove the vitreous gel and some of the tissues. In certain cases when the detachment is severe, or when the patient suffers from multiple tears, the surgeon may choose to create a buckle around the whole eye like a belt. This operation will reduce the traction of the retina making it easier for the surgeon to repair the holes and tears and remove the scar tissues. Scleral bucklingĭuring this procedure, the surgeon will sew a piece of silicone band or rubber to the outer layer of the eye. The surgeon will also use a probe to freeze the area around your retina. The bubble will add pressure on the retina forcing it to the wall of your eye. The surgeon will treat retinal detachment by injecting a gas bubble into the eyeball. Retinal detachment by injecting air or gas into the eye (Pneumatic Retinopexy) Sometimes, retinal detachment surgery can be an outpatient surgery. The surgeon will decide if he/she should use one of them or a combination based on your condition. Retinal detachment surgery typesĪs said earlier, there are many types and techniques for retinal detachment surgery. If you love spending time in nature or love to have a peaceful vacation, then Iran is the place for you, where you can have the surgery and enjoy a vacation in one journey. Thousands of patients are traveling to Iran from all over the world. Furthermore, the prices of medical services in Iran are much cheaper compared to most countries. The Iranian hospitals are provided with the advanced equipment and the Iranian surgeons are skillful and quite experienced, especially in eye procedures, in which Iran has been well known in the region and in the world for many decades. What you need to know is that Iran is a very safe country to visit and its people are very kind and hospitable. Some people might have worries about having surgery in Iran due to international propaganda against Iran. Is Iran a right place for retinal detachment surgery? Retinal detachment surgery duration usually ranges from 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on the same factors. The type of anesthesia that is used during retinal detachment surgery depends on many factors like the severity of the detachment and the type of the surgery. The surgeon will suggest the right one for you based on your condition, but you should know that the plans might change at any moment depending on your retina’s behavior during the procedure. There are several approaches of retinal detachment surgery each one is different from the other. What is retinal detachment surgery?ĭetached retina surgery is an eye surgery that is performed to reattach the retina and regain the vision or prevent losing it. Furthermore, some people are more likely to have retinal detachment than others, like those who suffer from nearsightedness, glaucoma, and people who have had cataract surgery. ![]() It does not always require a tear or a clear reason for a retinal detachment to occur. Retinal detachment might cause several symptoms like flashes of light (especially when you are looking at a dark background) and floaters. This can cause a partial or total vision loss if left untreated. Sometimes, when a hole or more are developed in the retina, it gets separated from the inside of the eye which is called retinal detachment. It is the organ responsible for receiving the light and transforming it into neural signals. The retina is a very thin layer of blood vessels and nerve cells that enables the seeing process. ![]() These symptoms are surely annoying, but you can regain you vision with retinal detachment surgery. Retinal detachment might start with floaters and flashes of light, and later you would see a curtain that covers your vision. Retinal detachment surgery in Iran: All you need to know ![]() Memorials are to Woodburn Lutheran School or Christ Lutheran Church. A funeral service was held on Monday, September 11th 2023 at 10:30 AM at the same location. Prices start at 6 for unframed prints, 25 for framed prints. Viewing was held on Sunday, September 10th 2023 from 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM and on Monday, September 11th 2023 from 9:30 AM to 10:15 AM at the Christ Lutheran Church (4412 Park St, Woodburn, IN 46797). ![]() She is also survived by 13 grandchildren and 11 great grandchildren. She is survived by : her husband Erwin her children, Debbie Abbott (Jeff), Jeff Knoblauch (Mary), Denise Sosenheimer (Rick) and Gene Knoblauch (Lori) her brother Denny Norden (Mary) and her sisters-in-law, Judy and Candy Norden. She was predeceased by : her parents, William Norden and Edna Norden (Nahrwold) and her brothers, Jim, Roger and Mike Norden. To qualify for their best rates, you will need to order a minimum of 1,000 black and white copies to pay 2.5 cents each and only 50 color copies to pay 15 cents each. Leave a sympathy message to the family in the guestbook on this memorial page of Marilyn Knoblauch to show support. Costco also offers copies at their copy and print center in addition to the other bulk shopping opportunities for your home or business. Custom- (10) 5x7 Michigan Stencils (5-Pine Green, 5 Corn Maize) 19.90. Bigfoot Peace Sign Stencil Made from 4 Ply Mat Board-Choose a Size-From 5x7 to 24x36 0.99. Rockefeller grew Standard Oil through the merger of several other small oil companies throughout the U.S., creating a monopoly. tulips field, Wooden Shoe Tulip Farm, Woodburn Print Wood Wall Art, Wall Art. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company controlled 84 of the oil and pipelines in the United States. Custom-8x10 Triple Patriotic Mat cut for 5x7 Picture 4.99. In 1898, in the year that James Andrew Woodburn was born, magnate and philanthropist John D. ![]() We are sad to announce that on Septemwe had to say goodbye to Marilyn Knoblauch of Woodburn, Indiana. King Neptune Stencil Made from 4 Ply Mat Board-Choose a Size-From 5x7 to 24x36 0.99. ![]() Read about telling others about your terminal diagnosis. We have some tips on how to have those conversations that may be useful. You may want to tell other people about your terminal diagnosis, especially those close to you. Read about living with a terminal illness. You may find our information on living with a terminal illness helpful, which includes guidance on managing symptoms and tips for planning ahead. It may take some time to process getting a terminal diagnosis, and we are here to help you make sense of it. ![]() More information and support about terminal illness Read about coping with a terminal diagnosis. Your healthcare team, and Marie Curie, are here to offer emotional, physical and practical support. We know that it can be difficult to cope with a terminal diagnosis, which is why it's important to ask for the support you need. But some terminal illnesses can be treated to help ease symptoms or give a better quality of life. Can a terminal illness get better?īy its definition, a terminal illness will not get better – in other words, it cannot be cured. Palliative care may be given at home or in another healthcare setting, such as a hospital or hospice. They can explain what palliative care you can have and how that may be able to help. If this happens, it's important to let your healthcare team know how you're feeling. It can be difficult to cope with stopping treatment, especially if it's because the treatment is not working. But sometimes you may stop having other treatments. You can have other treatments at the same time as palliative care. Palliative care aims to make sure you feel supported and comfortable, rather than cure the illness. This type of holistic care, which looks after every part of you, is called palliative care. offering emotional, spiritual and practical support.If you are living with a terminal illness, you will usually have treatment and care which focuses on: What care will someone with a terminal illness need? Other people may find that they feel better or worse at different points during their illness – it is not always a straight path. Sometimes, a person's condition will gradually get worse as the illness progresses. It may help to remember that no two experiences of a terminal illness are the same. It can be shocking or upsetting to get a terminal diagnosis, as people sometimes think the word 'terminal' means they will die soon. It can be difficult for healthcare professionals to predict exactly how long someone with a terminal illness will live (their prognosis). It often depends on their diagnosis and any treatment they are having. Someone with a terminal illness may live for days, weeks, months or years. How long will someone with a terminal illness live? If you are unsure or worried about whether your illness is terminal, it's best to speak with your healthcare professional. Sometimes healthcare professionals may use different terms or definitions. The diagnosis would be given after tests and, in some cases, treatment. The healthcare professional managing the treatment for your condition, such as your doctor or consultant, should explain whether your illness is terminal or not. Read Macmillan Cancer Support's information about staging and grading cancer. If you are not sure about the words your healthcare professional is using, it is best to ask them to explain what they mean. Some healthcare professionals may define or use the words 'terminal' and 'advanced' differently. If you have terminal cancer, you can still have palliative care or treatment, which may focus on managing symptoms. Some advanced cancers can be treated to control their growth or spread, while others are terminal. Terminal cancer usually means the cancer cannot be controlled and is likely to be the cause of someone's death. Is advanced cancer always terminal?Īdvanced cancer is not always terminal, but it can be.Īdvanced cancer usually means that there is a lot of cancer or it has spread (is a later stage). If you have questions about your illness, it is best to speak with your healthcare professional. Remember that these illnesses are not always terminal. neurological diseases, like Parkinson's.People who are terminally ill may have a single illness or a number of different conditions.Įxamples of some illnesses which can be terminal include: There is no set list of illnesses which are terminal. ![]() "Annette Charles, Cha Cha from 'Grease,' has died". "Professor and "Grease" actress Annette Cardona dies". Archived from the original on September 9, 2011. College of Humanities, California State University, Northridge. Pop Culture Happy Hour: Pop Culture News and Analysis from NPR. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. She made several appearances on television as well. " 'Grease' Actress Annette Charles Dies at 63". Acting 2017, The Grease Story as Charlene DiGregorio 2009, Transylmania as Administrator 1985, Latino as Marlena (as Annette Cardona) 1981, Musical Comedy. Annette Charles (born Annette Cardona Ma August 3, 2011) was an American actress best known for her role as Charlene 'Cha Cha' DiGregorio in the 1978 feature film Grease. TV miniseries, episode: "Only the Rocks Live Forever"Ĭan You Hear the Laughter? The Story of Freddie Prinze Credits FilmĮpisode: "My Sister, the Doctor" as Annette CardonaĮpisode: "The Noonday Devil" as Annette CardonaĮpisode: "No More Oak Leaves for Ernie Holland" as Annette CardonaĮpisode: "No Sign of the Cross" as Annette CardonaĮpisode: "The Death Scouts" as Annette Courset Annette Charles Friday, 5th March 1948 - Wednesday, 3rd August 2011 Los Angeles, CA USA. Harrow: : Bionic Woman Canyon of Death Elora (as Annette Cardona) : Barnaby Jones. She initially was hospitalized for pneumonia. Angela (as Annette Cardona) : Emergency Gossip Mrs. Personal life and death Ĭharles died on August 3, 2011, in Los Angeles from lung cancer, aged 63. She made several appearances on television as well.Ĭharles later earned a bachelor's degree from Antioch University Los Angeles in psychology and theater, and a master's degree in social work from New York University before becoming a speech communication professor in the Chicano Studies department at California State University, Northridge. ![]() Career Ĭharles became an actress, and was best known for her role as Charlene "Cha Cha" DiGregorio in the 1978 feature film Grease. She made several appearances on television as well.Ĭharles was born Annette Cardona in Los Angeles, California, of Mexican and Italian ancestry. Annette Charles (née Cardona Ma– August 3, 2011) was an American actress, dancer, and educator best known for her role as Charlene "Cha-Cha" DiGregorio in the 1978 feature film Grease. LOS ANGELES () - Annette Charles, best known for her role as the jealousy-inducing Cha Cha DiGregorio in the 1978 film version of Grease, passed away. Bobby perceived that the family was very poor, a perception reinforced since they lived in a poor Italian ghetto in the Bronx. Since Bobby was confined to bed for long periods, his “mother,” Polly, home schooled him and told him about being a showgirl and the entertainment business. Since he had a bad heart, he couldn’t play sports like the other kids at school or in the neighborhood. As he spent long absences from school when he was ill, he spent time amusing himself developing an interest in music. The young boy began to compose rhyme, sing and play child instruments by the age of six. The way this was explained to Bobby was that Charlie was his new brother-in-law. But his older “sister” Giovannina, got quickly involved with a guy named Charlie Mafia who moved in with Polly, Bobby and “Nina.” Nina and Charlie got married a few years later. Each one damaging his heart muscle more severely than the previous illness.īobby was told that his father was Sam Cassotto, who took a fall for the Mafia and died in prison before Bobby was born. You have to be careful, and you have to protect him.” Between the ages of eight and thirteen, Bobby had four illnesses with rheumatic fever. I remember being told all my life, “Bobby’s sickly. I remember Bobby crying and screaming and my father having to pick him up and carry him to the bathroom, he was in so much pain. We couldn’t walk on the floor because just walking across the floor would put him in agony. Bobby’s real sister, Vivienne, said years later, “my earliest memory of Bobby as a child was about his rheumatic fever. According to his biographies, Walden Robert Cassotto suffered from rheumatic fever as a child. ![]() In his childhood, Robert learned to play piano, drums and guitar. It was not until 1968, when he was 32 years of age, that he discovered that his older sister, Giovannina Cassotto, was actually his mother. His “mother” was a showgirl in her earlier days and so not the “grandmother type.” So the ruse was successful. And he understood that his “mother” had given birth at a later stage in life. ![]() ![]() So she gave birth and was introduced to her son as his older “sister.” In order for the deceit to be pulled off, young Robert was raised by his grandmother, Polly, who he understood was his mother. In the 1930’s, being a pregnant teenager was very improper. His mother, born in November 1917, was pregnant with him when she was only sixteen, giving birth to him when she was seventeen. Walden Robert Cassotto was born in the Bronx in May, 1936. |
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